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Queen Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926) has held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms. Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation. ==Royal titles and styles== * 21 April 192611 December 1936: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Elizabeth of York * 11 December 193620 November 1947: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Princess Elizabeth * 20 November 19476 February 1952: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh * 6 February 1952present: ''Her Majesty'' The Queen Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she was asked by her Private Secretary what her regnal name would be, to which the Queen responded, "My own, of coursewhat else?" Until 1953, her official style was ''by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith''.〔 She was proclaimed as queen using that title in Canada and South Africa, whereas, in Australia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Proclamation of the accession of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, from the steps of Parliament House, Canberra, 1952 Feb. 8 )〕 New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, she was proclaimed as ''Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith''. A decision was reached by Elizabeth's prime ministers at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference of 1952, whereby the Queen would accord herself different styles and titles in each of her realms, reflecting that in each state she acted as monarch of that particular country, regardless of her other roles. Canada's preferred format was: ''Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith''. However, as Australian ministers wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles, the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, separate reference to the other Commonwealth realms. Thereafter, separate but parallel royal styles and titles acts were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, granting Elizabeth a distinct but similarly constituted title in each state,〔 meaning that when Elizabeth was crowned in the same year, she held seven separate titles. With further evolution of the Commonwealth since that time, Elizabeth now holds 16 different regnal titles, one for each of the current Commonwealth realms. In all realms other than Canada and Grenada, the reference to the United Kingdom has been removed; Australia doing so in 1973,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Documenting a Democracy > Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 (Cth) )〕 in contrast to the Australian government's position 20 years earlier. Traditionally, the Queen's titles are listed in the order in which the realms other than the United Kingdom (the original realm) first became Dominions—namely, Canada (1867), Australia (1901), and New Zealand (1907)—followed by the rest in the order in which the former colony became an independent realm: Jamaica (1962), Barbados (1966), the Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Papua New Guinea (1975), the Solomon Islands (1978), Tuvalu (1978), Saint Lucia (1979), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979), Antigua and Barbuda (1981), Belize (1981), and Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983). Though the situation was the same in every one of the Queen's realms beyond the United Kingdom, only within Scotland did the title ''Elizabeth II'' cause controversy as there had never been an ''Elizabeth I'' in Scotland. In an act of sabotage, new Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, bearing the royal cypher ''EIIR'', were vandalised, after which, to avoid further problems, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland bore only the Crown of Scotland. A legal case, ''MacCormick v. Lord Advocate'' (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself ''Elizabeth II'' within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of the Act of Union. The case, however, was lost on the grounds that the pursuers had not title to sue the Crown and the numbering of monarchs was part of the Royal Prerogative, and thus not governed by the Act of Union. It was suggested by Winston Churchill that future British monarchs should be numbered according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.〔Winston Churchill, House of Commons Official Report cols 199–201, 15 April 1953〕 Less publicised controversies included the argument that the monarch was addressed as ''Your Grace'' in the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland (the monarchs of Renaissance England had been called both "Your Grace" and "Your Majesty"〔''OED'', 2nd Edition, under "Grace", 16b〕) and that the preferred title had been ''King/Queen of Scots'' rather than ''of Scotland''. At the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, Lord Steel, MSP, the Presiding Officer, referred to Elizabeth II as "not only the Queen of the United Kingdom but seated as you are among us in the historic and constitutionally correct manner as Queen of Scots." In 2002 Winnie Ewing, president of the Scottish National Party wrote to the Queen asking her to adopt the title "Elizabeth I" in Scotland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=22 May 2002 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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